Japan has begun a unique experiment to extract rare earth elements from the ocean floor. The scientific drilling vessel Chikyu has headed toward Minamitori Atoll in the Pacific Ocean to recover valuable mineral-rich sediment from an extreme depth of about six kilometers — a first in human history.

What makes the technology unique?

Operating at a depth of 6,000 meters involves enormous pressure exceeding 600 atmospheres. For this mission, a specialized system was developed: a seabed device collects the sediment and delivers it directly to the ship through a vertical pipeline. To prevent clogging or structural damage, engineers use real-time pressure monitoring systems and adjustable water flow controls. Onboard filtration units separate minerals from water, significantly simplifying subsequent logistics.

Why is this important for the economy?

Rare earth elements are essential for the production of smartphones, electric vehicles, and high-tech equipment. Currently, Japan is heavily dependent on supplies from China, which dominates the global market. A successful mission would allow Japan to:

• establish an independent domestic source of strategic raw materials;

• strengthen technological security;

• reduce risks associated with potential export restrictions by other countries.

Despite the complexity and high cost of the process, this expedition opens the door to developing new domestic resources. If the tests prove successful, Japan will become the first country to demonstrate the feasibility of sustainable mineral extraction at such extreme depths. This marks an important step toward ensuring that future technologies are not constrained by material shortages.

ORIENT