Researchers have developed an artificial neuron capable of reproducing the key parameters of real nerve cells and directly responding to their signals. The device generates electrical impulses with amplitudes of up to 120 mV and energy ranging from 0.2 to 37 picojoules, fully matching biological values.

The neuron was created using a memristor based on protein nanowires. The device’s operating threshold has been lowered to 60 mV at a current of 1.7 nA. The firing frequency is controlled by circuit parameters and replicates the behavior of living neurons: the response strengthens with increasing stimuli and then reaches saturation.

The system supports chemical modulation: the concentration of sodium ions or dopamine changes the memristor’s resistance and spike frequency. Scientists note that the sensor can be simplified by directly controlling resistance, which reduces energy consumption and device size.

The main achievement of the study is that, for the first time, an artificial neuron reproduces the functions and numerical parameters of living cells. This opens possibilities for hybrid bio-compatible systems, brain–machine interfaces, and new neuromorphic chips.