The origin and evolution of the Universe
The book with such a loud title was published six years ago. But the thoughts set forth in it were nurtured and sought confirmation for several decades.
The author of the publication is Odek Akchaevich Odekov - Academician, Doctor of Science, Geologist, Geophysicist and Seismologist. A person who seems to know everything about what is happening in the earth's crust. The one who, based on the analysis of tectonic processes, began to predict earthquakes. He is not only a "physicist" but also a "lyricist" - his poems are getting good reviews. But this book is about something else.
... A man has been looking at the stars for centuries. They seem to be so close - a stone's throw! - lights, carnations in the firmament. Then comes the understanding that the stars - all but one - are very far from us. And the development of astronomy makes it possible to realize just how far.
The speed of light on Earth is perceived abstractly. After all, light spreads instantly. This is true on the scale of the Earth. But the light coming from the Moon takes a second and a quarter, and from the Sun - more than 8 minutes of time! And in the Universe, distances are measured in light years. One light year equals approximately 9.5 trillion kilometers. This is the distance that light travels in 1 year.
... So, the closest star to the solar system - Proxima Centauri (proxima, lat. - closest) is located at a distance of 4.22 light years from us. Traveling to it on a modern rocket would take tens of thousands of years!
The Milky Way Galaxy, which includes the solar system, according to the latest data, consists of 200 billion stars and has a diameter of 100 thousand light years! But this is far from the only (and from the largest) galaxy in the surrounding space.
Scientists around the world are building various theories and hypotheses in search of answers to questions about the origin and development of the Universe.
Until recently, the theory of the expanding universe dominated the scientific community.
Its essence is that at the beginning of time, about 13.7 billion years ago, there was a Big Bang, after which matter of the highest density and temperature began to scatter from the epicenter in all directions, forming matter, stars, galaxies, etc. on its way to the interstellar...
This and half a dozen other similar theories contain many blind spots and assumptions. How can we explain the very appearance of stars within their framework, if the particles of initial matter move away from each other? Mysterious objects such as quasars and black holes also do not fit well into the ever-expanding universe.
Academician O. Odekov has observed and analyzed processes in the body of the Earth for many years. The movement of the lithosphere, the divergence and convergence of continental plates, the accumulating stresses, their discharge, causing earthquakes, the propagation of longitudinal and transverse seismic waves - all this amount of knowledge ultimately led to a qualitative leap.
The scientist transferred the laws of tectonic fluctuations to processes taking place on a much larger scale. He was able to draw parallels between seismic waves in the earth's crust and gravitational disturbances in the Universe.
Developing this idea, trying on old facts and relying on new discoveries in astronomy, Odek Akchaevich created his own theory of the origin and evolution of the Universe.
One of its main provisions is that the Universe is formed by the processes of both expansion (antigravity, repulsion) and contraction (gravity, attraction). This introduces the dualism that was lacking in earlier theories into the doctrine of the evolution of the Universe.
The presence of the compression process, along with expansion, explains the formation of stars from interstellar gas, and galaxies from individual stars, and their collision, and the appearance of superdense objects (neutron stars, black holes) in a vacuum.
According to the new theory, the Universe is still mainly expanding, but the contraction processes are gaining strength. After some time, according to the academician's forecast, the Universe will begin to contract, while maintaining expansion processes in part of space. This turning point is not too far away - only 1.7 billion years.
In another part of his work, the author describes the evolution of galaxies. The initial form of galaxies is the so-called "irregular" galaxy - there is no pronounced nucleus, space is filled with interstellar matter.
Then a nucleus is formed in the galaxy, the stars twist into spirals ("spiral" galaxies) or discs ("lenticular" galaxies).
This evolution is also explained within the framework of the new theory as a result of the effect of compressive forces.
The balancing of the expansion-contraction forces ultimately leads to a uniform, spherical shape ("spherical" galaxies).
The scheme of the evolution of galaxies is called the "Hubble tuning fork" after the name of the famous astronomer. It contains 95% of the galaxies discovered so far, and about 50% of them are spiral.
Based on the percentage of the types of galaxies in the Universe, the author predicts that the formation of the last stage - spherical galaxies - will take another 54 billion years.
Our Earth by cosmic standards is a speck of dust of the Universe. Homo sapiens is unique, no matter how much we want to meet "brothers in mind". But, again and again people strive to penetrate the depths of the atom and embrace the vastness of the Universe, looking into the future and returning to the beginning of time. This is exactly the essence of the work of the author of the General Theory of the Origin and Evolution of the Universe, our contemporary and fellow countryman O.A. Odekov.
